Empirical Analysis of the Interplay between Municipal Waste Generation, Living Standards, and Innovation in the European Union
Articles
Mirela Cristea
University of Craiova, Romania
Raluca Mihaela Dracea
Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Nicoleta Sirghi
West University of Timisoara, Romania
Ciprian Panzaru
West University of Timisoara, Romania
Laura Brancu
West University of Timisoara, Romania
Published 2025-03-25
https://doi.org/10.15388/Tibe.2025.24.2.7
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Keywords

municipal waste generation
living standards
innovation
econometric analysis
European Union

How to Cite

Cristea, M., Dracea , R. M., Sirghi, N., Panzaru, C., & Brancu, L. (2025). Empirical Analysis of the Interplay between Municipal Waste Generation, Living Standards, and Innovation in the European Union . Transformations In Business & Economics, 24(2 (65), 155-173. https://doi.org/10.15388/Tibe.2025.24.2.7

Abstract

The paper examines global interlinkages among the level of municipal waste generation and the representative socio-economic, technological, and innovation factors at the level of the European Union countries. Further, we realize a hierarchical clustering of the European Union member states according to similar characteristics regarding the level of municipal waste generation, jointly with these representative socio-economic and technological factors, in order to propose adequate solutions for lower-performing states. The data covers the 2006-2021 lapse of time, and the research methodology is based on two advanced methods, namely network analysis performed through Gaussian graphical models and cluster analysis performed by the Ward method. The results highlight that the analysis only of municipal waste generation level, without other socio-economic benchmarks, would not be conclusive, as there are developed states with high levels of municipal waste generation, as well as developing countries with waste generation above the EU.

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