This paper examines the use of torture as a means of obtaining evidence across different historical periods—from the Middle Ages to totalitarian regimes and contemporary legal systems. It explores the evolution of the concept of torture and its transformation alongside changes in societal structures and moral norms. The study discusses the motives, prevalence, and methods of torture, as well as the legal assessment of evidence extracted through such practices. The article reveals how attitudes toward torture have shifted from its institutionalized application to its absolute prohibition within the framework of modern international human rights standards.
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