The paper should contain: 

(1) the title of the paper, 14 pt, bold 

(2) full name(s) and surname(s) of the author(s) in bold; all information is written in 12 pt font in the language of publication; the full name of the institution (including department, centre, institute, etc.), the address of the institution are indicated; the authorʼs email address (without underlining), the authorʼs ORCID number (orcid.org), the institutionʼs ROR identifier (ror.org) are also indicated. 

Evidential adjectives in Lithuanian academic discourse  

Anna Ruskan
Department of English Philology
Institute of English, Romance and Classical Studies
Faculty of Philology
Vilnius University
Universiteto g. 5
LT-01131 Vilnius, Lithuania
E-mail: anna.ruskan@flf.vu.lt
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-0075
https://ror.org/03nadee84 

If the article has multiple authors, all authors of the article should provide this information. One author should be listed as the contact person, providing the authorʼs email address in the submission form (in the journal system). Please note that once the article has been accepted for publication, the place of employment cannot be changed in the text. 

Also, when there is more than one author, please provide an explanation at the end of the article of what each author has done in accordance with the CreDiT criteria (link). For example (usually provided in English): 

Author contributions 

John Jonsered: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing, visualization. Lucy Schneider: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. 

(3) Abstract 

All articles must have an abstract in English (250 words). An abstract should clearly describe the purpose of the research, data and methodology, the main results and the principal conclusions. The second abstract in Lithuanian or any other language of the journal is optional. Abstracts in languages other than the language of the publication should bear the title (in bold, 12 pt) and the words Abstract / Santrauka. 

(4) Keywords: a list of 5–7 key words separated by commas is provided below every abstract in the language of the abstract. For example, articles written in English should have keywords in English. 

2 The text 

The text should be divided into sections and subsections, each of them decimally numbered beginning with 1 (e.g.: 1, 1.1, 1.1.1, etc.) and titled. The number and title should be in bold type. The block organisation of paragraphs (not indented) should be used throughout the whole text with spaces of 12 pt before each new paragraph. 

Figures and tables (12 pt) should be numbered and titled separately under the figure/table. The illustrations will be printed black and white, their resolution should not be less than 300 dpi. 

Use italics for foreign words; use bold face for emphasis. Use square brackets [like this] for personal additions. 

Quotations. Short quoted sections in the running text should be enclosed in double quotation marks “like this” (the original citation in italics is given in round brackets). Use single quotes for special forms, for quotations within quotations, and for glosses and paraphrases of (foreign) words. Quotations longer than three lines (ca. 40 words) should be given in a separate indented paragraph (5 pt) in italics. 

Listings for the purpose of classification should be written in a new indented (5 pt) line, e.g.: 

a) the first model 

b) the second model ... 

Examples (words, phrases, sentences, etc.) are not indented, they are given in italics and numbered consecutively throughout the article; the numbers (regular) are enclosed in round brackets, e.g.: (1), (2), e.g.: 

(1) Šeimininkas akivaizdžiai suglumo. (LKT)
‘The host evidently became confused.’  

References for cited examples should be indicated, translation correspondences of all language data in a language other than the language of the paper should be given in single commas, e.g.: eiti ‘to go’.  

Translation and word-by-word glosses are provided for all quotations/examples from languages other than the language of the article. Translation is given in single quotation marks. Words are aligned vertically using tab key rather than space bar key. Use small caps to indicate grammatical information (nom.sg.f). The glosses and the translation should be left-aligned with the example text as in the example below: 

(2) Jai            reikia                eiti             namo.
she.DAT.SG need.3PRS.      go.INF      home.ADV
‘She has to go home.’ 

For more details about glossing refer to: http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php  

Footnotes set in 10 pt can be used only for very brief explanatory remarks. They should be numbered consecutively throughout the text. 

Acknowledgements  

They follow the main text of the paper. 

List of Abbreviations should precede Data sources or References. 

Below the body of the article, the date of its submission for publication should be indicated. 

When submitting an article, the author, who is also the contact person, may also provide a short biographical information (no more than 200 words), and when the article is accepted for publication, all co-authors may also provide such a short biography. This information, if requested by the authors, will be visible on the landing page of the published article – a Bio entry will appear next to the authorʼs name, which, when opened, will display the information provided. 

3 References in the text 

All references should be given at the appropriate point in the text in brackets (author’s name or title of publication, year of publication, comma, page(s) referred to, if relevant), like this: (Howarth 1998, 27–28). Different sources of reference should be separated by semi-colons (Aijmer 1996; van der Auwera, Schalley & Nuyts 2005). If letters of Slavic or some other non-Latin alphabet have been used, the names and titles should be transliterated. 

4 Reference list 

All data sources and works cited in the text, and only those, should be listed alphabetically at the end of the paper in separate sections under the headings Data Sources and References. Each reference entry is given in a separate paragraph; the second line of the paragraph is indented by 10 pt. All lexical words are capitalized only in the Names of Periodicals; only the first word is capitalized in the Titles of books (proper names, etc. are exceptions). Papers written in languages other than Lithuanian should provide translations of Lithuanian, Latvian, Russian, Polish book and article titles in brackets. Please follow the pattern given below: 

Data Sources 

BNC The British National Corpus. Davies, M. 2004–. BYU–BNC. Available at: http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc 

CorALit Lietuvių mokslo kalbos tekstynas. [Corpus Academicum Lithuanicum]. Available at: http://www.coralit.lt/ 

References 

Ambrazas, Vytautas. 1990. Sravnitel’nyj sintaksis pričastij baltijskich jazykov. [Comparative syntax of participles in Baltic languages]. Vilnius: Mokslas. 

Barbieri, Federica. 2008. Patterns of age-based linguistic variation in American English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12 (1), 58–88. 

Bolinger, Dwight. 1965. The atomization of meaning. Language 41, 555–573. 

Gansel, Christina, Frank Jürgens. 2007. Textlinguistik und Textgrammatik. Eine Einführung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 

Haß, Ulrike, Hg. 2005. Grundfragen der elektronischen Lexikographie. elexiko – das Online-Informationssystem zum deutschen Wortschatz. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. 

Holvoet, Axel, Loreta Semėnienė, red. 2004. Gramatinių kategorijų tyrimai. [Studies in grammatical categories]. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 

Huddleston, Rodney & Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. 2002. The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

Jaszczolt, Katarzyna. 2009. Default semantics. The Oxford handbook of linguistic analysis. Bernd Heine & Heiko Narrog, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 193–221. 

Kleiber, Georges. 1990. La sémantique du prototype: catégories et sens lexical. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 

Langacker, Ronald W. 1991. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. 2. Descriptive application. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 

Nau, Nicole, Peter Arkadiev. 2015. Towards a standard of glossing Baltic languages: The Salos Glossing Rules. Baltic Linguistics 6 (2015), 195–241. 

Rayson, Paul. 2004. Log-likelihood calculator. Available at: www.ucrel.lancs.ac.uk. Accessed: 5 October 2008. 

Šinkūnienė, Jolanta. 2011. Autoriaus pozicijos švelninimas rašytiniame moksliniame diskurse: gretinamasis tyrimas. [Hedging in written academic discourse: A cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary study], (ms.). Humanitarinių mokslų daktaro disertacija. [PhD dissertation]. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. 

Trbojević-Milosević, Ivana. 2010. On innocence and experience: Modal hedges in health care products instructions in English and Serbian. Presentation in The 4th international conference ‘Modality in English 4’, Madrid. 

5 Accessibility 

The European Accessibility Act, which requires e-publications to be accessible to all, including blind and partially sighted individuals, came into force in 2025. We will ensure that the e-files are properly prepared; however, you need to describe the tables and illustrations in your article in a way that a blind person can understand. For examples of illustration descriptions, refer to the Guide to Image Descriptions (link). Place your description under the table or illustration in square brackets [abcd] to provide a clear explanation. These descriptions will not be visible in the final version but are essential for language editors and layout artists during production.