The New Syrian Government in a Global Context: Legitimacy and Legality Dimensions

Abstract

The study examines post-conflict regimes with contested legitimacy through the Syrian regime change of 2024. It analyses the legality and legitimacy of the Transitional Government led by Ahmed al-Sharaa under international law, focusing on effective control, human rights protection, international representation, and the principle of non-recognition. Comparative examples from other post-conflict states are used to evaluate international responses to contested regimes. The study finds that the new Syrian government, having come to power through a revolutionary takeover, has failed to ensure effective governance, protect civilians, and guarantee inclusive political processes, raising concerns regarding its legitimacy and capacity to represent Syria internationally. The article further argues that the international response towards Syria, including the gradual easing of sanctions by the United States and the European Union, has remained inconsistent and largely politically driven despite continuing reports of serious human rights violations. It concludes that responses to regimes with contested legitimacy should remain grounded in the principles of international law, non-recognition, and the protection of fundamental human rights.